.

AMMONIA

• Colourless gas with characteristic pungent odour
• very soluble in water

RISKS

• Flammable
• Toxic by inhalation.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

• Keep container tightly closed and in a well ventilated place
• Keep away from sources of ignition
• No Smoking
• In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment 

LIMIT VALUES

• OES short-term 35 p.p.m (24 mg m-3)
• long-term 25 p.p.m.(17mg m-3)

TOXIC EFFECTS
The gas irritates all parts of the respiratory system and the eyes.

BENZENE

• Colourless, volatile liquid with characteristics odour - b.p. 80.1 0C
• Very slightly soluble in water

RISKS

• May cause cancer
• Highly flammable
• Toxic by inhalation
• Danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure.

LIMIT VALUES
MEL long- term 5 p.p.m (16 mg m-3).

TOXIC EFFECTS

• Inhalation of the vapour causes dizziness
• headache, and excitement
• high concentrations may cause unconsciousness and death
• Repeated inhalation of low concentrations over a considerable period may cause severe, even fatal, blood disease
• Extremely poisonous if taken by mouth

BUTANE

Colourless, gas; b.p.-0.50C; sparingly soluble in water.

RISKS
Extremely flammable liquefied gas

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

• Keep container in a well ventilated place
• Keep away from sources of ignition
• No smoking
• Take precautionary measure against static discharges

LIMIT VALUES
OES short term 750p.p.m.(1780mg m-3); long-term 600 p.p.m (1430 mg m-3).

TOXIC EFFECTS
The gas has an anesthetic effect but is not toxic

SPILLAGE
Disposal Surplus gas or leaking cylinder can be vented slowly to air in a fume cupboard or a safe area or the gas burnt-off in a suitable burner.

CARBON DIOXIDE

Colourless, odourless gas; sublimes at-78.50C, soluble in water.

LIMIT VALUES
OES short-term 15000 p.p.m (27000mg m-3); long-term 5000p.p.m.(9000 mg m-3).

TOXIC EFFECTS
Low to medium concentrations can cause respiratory stimulation and affect the blood circulation. High concentrations lead to increased symptoms and can cause unconsciousness and death.

CARBON DISULFIDE

Colourless to yellow liquid, with unpleasant odour; slightly soluble in water.

RISK

• Extremely flammable
• Very toxic by inhalation

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

• Take off immediately all contaminated clothing
• Do not empty into drains
• Take precautionary measures against static discharges
• In case of fire, use dry chemical or carbon dioxide extinguishers.

LIMIT VALUES
MEL long - term 10 p.p.m (30 mg m-3).

TOXIC EFFECTS
When inhaled high concentrations produce narcotic effects and may result in unconsciousness. Repeated inhalation of the vapour over a considerable period may cause severe damage to the nervous system, including failure of vision, mental disturbance, and paralysis. The liquid and vapour irritate the eyes. The liquid is poisonous if taken by mouth or absorbed through the skin.

HAZARDOUS REACTIONS

• Many fires and explosions have been caused by the ignition of the vapour from liquid poured down laboratory sinks, and ignition was caused by high intensity flash illumination
• Violent or explosive reactions occur with a variety of substances. 

FIRE HAZARD

• Flash point-300C
• Explosive limits 1.44%
• Auto ignition temperature 100 0C
• Extinguish fire with dry powder or carbon dioxide extinguishers.

CARBON MONOXIDE

Colourless odourless gas; m.p-2070C; b.p.-191.30C slightly soluble in water.

RISK

• Extremely flammable
• Toxic by inhalation

LIMIT VALUES
OES short term 300 p.p.m (330 mg m-3). Long term 50 p.p.m (55 mg m-3).

TOXIC EFFECTS
Causes unconsciousness resulting from the combination of carbon monoxide with haemoglobin.. Gas in lower concentrations causes headache.

HAZARDOUS REACTIONS
May react explosively with a variety of compounds.

SPILLAGE DISPOSAL
Surplus gas or a leaking cylinder can be vented slowly to the air in a safe open area or burnt-off in a suitable gas burner.